Tittle : Handbook of Coal AnalysisAuthor(s) : James G. Speight
Published : 27 April 2005
Hardcover : 240 pages
Language : English
About This Book
All the guidance needed to test coal and analyze the results
With the skyrocketing costs of most fuel sources, government, industry, and consumers are taking a greater interest in coal, an abundant and inexpensive alternative, which has been made more environmentally friendly through new technology. Published in response to this renewed interest, Handbook of Coal Analysis provides readers with everything they need to know about testing and analyzing coal. Moreover, it explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use.
The thorough coverage of coal analysis includes:
This is an essential reference for analytical chemists, process chemists, and engineers in the coal industry as well as other professionals and researchers who are looking to coal as a means to decrease dependence on foreign oil sources and devise more efficient, cleaner methods of energy production.
With the skyrocketing costs of most fuel sources, government, industry, and consumers are taking a greater interest in coal, an abundant and inexpensive alternative, which has been made more environmentally friendly through new technology. Published in response to this renewed interest, Handbook of Coal Analysis provides readers with everything they need to know about testing and analyzing coal. Moreover, it explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use.
The thorough coverage of coal analysis includes:
- Detailed presentation of necessary standard tests and procedures
- Explanation of coal behavior relative to its usage alongside the corresponding environmental issues
- Coverage of nomenclature, terminology, sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis
- Step-by-step test method protocols for proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, mineral matter, physical and electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, spectroscopic properties, and solvent properties
- Emphasis on relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and test methods, including corresponding International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and British Standards Institution (BSI) test method numbers
This is an essential reference for analytical chemists, process chemists, and engineers in the coal industry as well as other professionals and researchers who are looking to coal as a means to decrease dependence on foreign oil sources and devise more efficient, cleaner methods of energy production.
Preface
Coal is an extremely complex material and exhibits a wide range of physical properties. The rapidly expanding use of coal in the twentieth century made it necessary to devise acceptable methods for coal analysis with the goal of correlating composition and properties with behavior. It is only by assiduously using careful analyses of coal that the various aspects of coal usage can be achieved in an environmentally acceptable manner. As a part of the multifaceted program of coal evaluation, new methods are continually being developed and the already accepted methods may need regular modification to increase the accuracy of the technique as well as the precision of the results. Furthermore, proper interpretation of the data resulting from the analysis of coal requires an understanding of the significance of the analytical data.
This book deals with the various aspects of coal analysis and provides a detailed explanation of the necessary standard tests and procedures that are applicable to coal in order to help define coal behavior relative to usage and environmental issues. The first items that the book covers (after nomenclature and terminology) are related to sampling, accuracy of analysis, and precision of analysis. These important aspects are necessary to provide reproducibility and repeatability of the analytical data derived from the various test methods. The book then goes on to provide coverage of the analysis of coal by various test methods, as well as the application and interpretation of the data to provide the reader with an understanding the quality and performance of coal. A glossary of terms that will be useful to the reader is also included. Each term is defined in a language that will convey the meaning to the reader in a clear and understandable way.
Sources of information that have been used include (1) the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2) the British Standards Institution, (3) the International Organization for Standardization, (4) older books, (5) collections of individual articles from symposia, and (6) chapters in general coverage books. This will be the first book that provides not only a detailed description of the tests but also the outcome of the tests and the meaning of the data. However, the actual mechanics of performing a test method are not included; such information is available from the various standards organization.
Although the focus of the book is on the relevant ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test methods with the numbers given, where possible the corresponding ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and BS (British Standards Institution) test method numbers are also presented. As an aside, the ASTM may have withdrawn some of the test methods noted herein, but the test method is still referenced because of its continued use, for whatever reason, in many analytical laboratories.
If this book helps toward a better understanding of the criteria for determining the properties of coal, leading to an understanding of coal behavior, it will have served its purpose.
Contents
1.1 Analysis Considerations
1.2 Accuracy and Precision
1.3 Bias
1.4 Reporting Coal Analysis
1.5 Interrelationships of the Data
1.6 Coal Classification
1.7 The Future
2.1 Sampling
2.1.1 Manual Sampling
2.1.2 Mechanical Sampling
2.2 Sample Preparation
2.3 Washability
3.1 Moisture Content
3.1.1 Test Method Protocols
3.1.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
3.2 Ash
3.2.1 Test Method Protocols
3.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
3.3 Volatile Matter
3.3.1 Test Method Protocols
3.3.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
3.4 Fixed Carbon
3.5 Coal Assay
3.5.1 Gray–King Assay at 600◦C (1112F)
3.5.2 Gray–King Assay at 900◦C (1652F)
3.5.3 Other Carbonization Tests
3.6 Other Methods
4.1 Carbon and Hydrogen
4.1.1 Test Method Protocols
4.1.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
4.2 Nitrogen
4.2.1 Test Method Protocols
4.2.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
4.3 Sulfur
4.3.1 Test Method Protocols
4.3.2 Determination of the Forms of Sulfur
4.3.3 Data Handling and Interpretation
4.4 Oxygen
4.4.1 Test Method Protocols
4.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
4.5 Chlorine
4.5.1 Test Method Protocols
4.5.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
4.6 Mercury
4.7 Other Constituents
4.7.1 Carbon Dioxide
4.7.2 Arsenic and Selenium
5.1 Mineral Types
5.1.1 Aluminosilicates (Clay Minerals)
5.1.2 Sulfide Minerals
5.1.3 Sulfate Minerals
5.1.4 Carbonate Minerals
5.1.5 Silicate Minerals
5.1.6 Other Minerals
5.2 Chemistry of Ash Formation
5.3 Test Method Protocols
5.3.1 Data Handling and Interpretation
5.3.2 Ash Analysis
6.1 Density and Specific Gravity
6.2 Porosity and Surface Area
6.3 Reflectance
6.4 Refractive Index
6.5 Conductivity
6.6 Dielectric Constant
6.7 Dielectric Strength
6.8 Specific Resistance (Resistivity)
7.1 Calorific Value
7.1.1 Determination of Calorific Value
7.1.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
7.2 Heat Capacity
7.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.4 Plastic and Agglutinating Properties
7.4.1 Determination of Plastic Properties
7.4.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
7.5 Agglomerating Index
7.6 Free-Swelling Index
7.6.1 Determination of the Free-Swelling Index
7.6.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
7.7 Ash Fusibility
7.7.1 Determination of Ash Fusibility
7.7.2 Data Handling and Interpretation
7.8 Thermal Conductivity (Diffusivity and Expansion)
8.1 Strength
8.2 Hardness
8.3 Friability
8.4 Grindability
8.5 Dustiness Index
8.6 Cleat Structure
8.7 Deformation and Flow Under Stress
9.1 Infrared Spectroscopy
9.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
9.3 Mass Spectrometry
9.4 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
9.5 X-ray Diffraction
9.6 Electron Spin Resonance
10.1 Test Methods
10.2 Action of Specific Solvents
10.3 Influence of Coal Rank
10.3.1 Benzene-Type Solvents
10.3.2 Nitrogen-Containing Solvents
10.4 Influence of Petrographic Composition
10.5 Analysis of Coal Extracts
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